Cleansing action of soap pdf

Detergents are usually used to make shampoos and products for cleaning clothes. Welcome Back. Continue with Google. Continue with Facebook. Forgot Password? New User? Sign Up. Create your account now. Signup with Email. Gender Male Female. Create Account. Already Have an Account? All you need of Class 10 at this link: Class Structure The hydrocarbon chain is non-polar and water -hating hydrophobic , while the other part is polar or water loving hydrophilic. A soap molecule contains two parts which interact differently with water, one part is a long hydrocarbon non-polar chain, and other belongs to the -COONa group hydrophilic.

A soap molecule may be represented as: Preparation of Soap Fig: Preparation of soap. Fig: Cleansing action of Soap. Fig: Soap in hard water. Use Coupon Code. Up next Addition Reactions Easy Explanation. Dr Manju Sen. Science Class Join Course. By continuing, I agree that I am at least 13 years old and have read and agree to the terms of service and privacy policy. A long hydrocarbon part which is hydrophobic i.

In this way the soap micelles entraps the oily particles by using the hydrocarbon ends. The ionic ends of the soap molecules remain attached to the water when the dirty cloth is agitated in soap solution.

The oily particles presents on its surface gets dispersed in the water due to which the cloth gets clean. The detergent industry soon gained momentum and by s soap was being replaced by syndets for all purposes except toilet use.

Surfactants lower the surface tension of water, essentially making it 'wetter' so that it is less likely to stick to itself and more likely to interact with oil and grease. Thus detergents can effectively clean fabric even if the water is acidic. Their elimination from municipal wastewaters by the usual treatments is a problem. This is due to the effects of surfactants used in their preparation.

Thus they pose a danger to aquatic life. They are effective in soft, hard or salt water. Which solutions form a precipitate? Cleaned and dried the test tube. Placed 5 ml of stock soap solution in cine clean test tube and 5 mL of stock detergent solution in a second test tube. Added 1 M HC1 one drop at a time to both solutions until the pH in each test tube is equal to 3.

Use pH paper to measure. Count the number of drops of acid added to each mixture. Does a precipitate form in either mixture? Added 1 drops of vegetable oil to each test tube in Step Shake each test tube to mix the solution. Is the oil emulsified in either mixture? Cleaned, dried, and labelled three beakers. Placed 20 mL of stock soap solution from Step 1 in section 2. Placed 20 mL of stock detergent solution from Step 2 in section 2. Placed 20 mL of a commercial liquid Dynamo.

Obtained three cloth test strips that have been soaked in tomato sauce and place one strip in each of the beakers. Place one cloth strip in beaker 1 from above , one cloth strip in beaker 2, and one cloth strip in beaker 3. Repeatedly stir each solution with a stirring rod for 5 minutes. Removed the cloth strips from the soap and detergent solution and squeeze out the excess water.

Visually compared each cloth strip to determine their relative cleanliness. Observations was recorded. Stirring rod 4. Stopwatch 5. Retort stand 6. Measuring cylinder 7. Filter paper 8. Vacuum filtration apparatus 9. High precision analytical weighing balance Spatula Test tubes labelled 1,2 and 3 Dropper Cloth test strips Heater List of materials: 1.

An ice 5. Distilled water 7. Synthetic detergent 8. Commercial liquid Dynamo 9. Vegetable oil Tomato sauce Soap solutions tend to be slightly alkaline basic due to partial hydrolysis of the acid. For part 2. Using vacuum filtration apparatus to gain total mass of soap recovered. Next, we are using emulsification test which 5 ml of detergent, soap solution and distilled water.

For distilled water and detergent has broken emulsion while soap solution got stable emulsion. For hard water test, soap solution and detergent had been tested with calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and iron III chloride. First observation for soap solution is there are precipitation in soap solution when CaCl2 and FeCl3 were added while no precipitate when MgCl2 was added. Second observation is for when a few drops of vegetable oil is added into the same samples.

The results shows that soap solution have broken emulsion for all while detergent have stable emulsion for all. As for acidic test, to let the pH drop to 3 a few drops of HCl must be added into the solution. The soap solution required 8 drops of HCl and has precipitate formed while detergent required 2 drops of HCl and there is no precipitate formed. After a drop of vegetable oil were added into both samples, broken emulsion occur in soap solution while stable emulsion in detergent.

From this experiment and all results that we get, we can conclude that detergent is effective compare to the soap. It can be concluded that detergent is more effective cleaning agent rather than soap. Soap may perform precipitate or oil emulsified towards certain condition. Then, we also know that the water hardness should give a problem for soap to react and the level of cleanliness are low compare to detergent. Soap is more alkaline compare to the detergent.

Therefore, it may not be as effective as synthetic detergent as detergent can makes cloth cleaner than clean it using soap solution and also soap solution leaves scum at the cloth. However, there a few errors that might be occur during conducting experiment. Firstly, we might be misinterpret when observe the changing of solution or not observe accurately.

Next, this experiment are not repeated twice and probably apparatus used are not totally cleaned.