Pronunciations in english pdf

Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Notify me of new posts by email. Indian Booklet. Friday, January 14, All Gadget Reviews. It is really good for learing number names. Thank you so much to help my daughter too good to learn. Thank you so much for helping me in hindi ginthi.

Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here. You have entered an incorrect email address! Recommend on Google. RSS Feed. A digraph, which consists of two successive written vowels pronounced as one, almost always corresponds to a long vowel or a diphthong: plain, re'ceive, be'lieve, bam'boo, shout, fraud, 'author, weigh Pronunciation of unstressed vowels 5.

In English, most of the energy is given to stressed syllables. As a result, in an unstressed syllable, a written vowel is often reduced it is also said to be weakened. That sound known as a schwa is very weak indeed, you hear it very faintly in the first syllable of the word about, or the last one of China. The weak value for —i- is the sound very weak too heard in the last syllable of city. The schwa is used For unstressed -a- and -o- : about, China, ornament, collision, abandon, pilot For -e- after the main stress: 'parent, em'ployment Sometimes also for -u- : suc'cess, 'circus 7.

The weak value for —i- is used in words such as 'citizen, 'beautiful, im'plicit, i'nimitable but also for —e- before the main stress to pre'sent, to de'tect, to de'lay, to re'turn, to pre'pare and in —ed after —t- or —d- : 'wanted, de'tected, de'fended, 'landed 8. In the unstressed final syllable of a non-verb, an —a- followed by one consonant and a final -e generally reduces to the weak value of —i- or to the schwa: Ex. This reminds one of the contrast between the verb to ex'periment where the vowel in the last syllable is not reduced , and the noun an ex'periment in which the final vowel is reduced.

Always remember that one of the keys to successful pronunciation is to give all your energy to stressed vowels. As far as unstressed vowels are concerned, the more you neglect them, the better. Grammatical words, such as prepositions, pronouns, auxiliaries, conjunctions and articles, very often have, beside their full phonetic form, a reduced form, used when they are unstressed: She can tell them he was from Paris. However, an isolated preposition is never reduced: Where do you come from?

What are you waiting for? What are you looking at? An isolated auxiliary is not reduced either: I'll do it if I can. A vowel may not reduce in an unstressed syllable a before —r- : car'nation, per'cipient, flir'tation, or'ganic, tur'bidity.

Before a final -e, the presence of an —r- has a different effect : care, prepare mere, interfere fire, expire more, galore pure, a'llure In all such cases, the stressed vowel is pronounced, not separately, but, so to speak, jointly with the —r-, and the result is always a long vowel, which can be a diphthong or even a triphthong e.

In the following words, the normally alphabetic value of the stressed vowel is affected in the same way by the presence of —r- : gra'mmarian, mys'terious, no'torious, 'curious.

This simply means that grammarian contains the same sound as mare etc. Compare the following words: wash rhymes with posh same sound in want, what, squander, squash, squatter, swan, wander warm rhymes with storm same sound in wart, swarm, wharf, warden, warble word rhymes with bird same sound in work, world, worse, worm In words borrowed from other languages, a vowel can take its so-called foreign value, which is always a long vowel or a diphthong.

Many words borrowed from romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish, and which have a final vowel -a, -i or —o, but not —y preceded by one of the consonants t, d, n, s, or z, have the main stress on the last syllable but one the penultimate , and the stressed vowel often has its foreign value, or sometimes its alphabetic value as in the last word.

Mar'tini, mos'quito, Argen'tina, balle'rina, ba'nana, po'tato Word Stress Primary stress and secondary stress As we saw earlier, grammatical words may be unstressed. But apart from that, every word noun, verb, adjective etc. True and false prefixes In the case of verbs, it is vital to know a whether or not they contain a prefix; b if they do, whether the prefix is a true or a false prefix.

True prefixes have a precise, stable and easily identifiable meaning, unlike false prefixes, most of which are latin prefixes, and which are not detachable if you take them away, usually you are not left with a verb that has a meaning of its own.

For example, re- is a false prefix in ,re-'cover cover again or ,re- col'lect collect again , but neither in ,recol'lect e. Of course re- is a false prefix in respond, retain, or reply.

In verbs, in principle, false prefixes are unstressed no meaning, no stress.