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Several operating system tools are available to enable you to assess database performance and determine database requirements.

Oracle Solaris Tools. Use the vmstat command to view process, virtual memory, disk, trap, and CPU activity, depending on the switches that you supply with the command. Run one of the following commands to display a summary of CPU activity six times, at five-second intervals:. The w sub column, under the procs column, shows the number of potential processes that have been swapped out and written to disk. If the value is not zero, then swapping occurs and the system is short of memory.

For HP-UX and Oracle Solaris, the si and so columns under the page column indicate the number of processes swapped-in and swapped-out per second, respectively. Ideally these values should be zero. For Linux, the si and so columns represent amount of memory swapped-in and swapped-out.

The sr column under the page column indicates the scan rate. High scan rates are caused by a shortage of available memory. The pi and po columns under the page column indicate the number of page-ins and page-outs per second, respectively.

It is normal for the number of page-ins and page-outs to increase. Some paging always occurs even on systems with sufficient available memory. Depending on the switches that you supply with the command, use the sar system activity reporter command to display cumulative activity counters in the operating system. On UNIX systems, the following command displays a summary of the input and output activity every ten seconds:. The sar output provides a snapshot of system input and output activity at a given point in time.

If you specify the interval time with multiple options, then the output can become difficult to read. If you specify an interval time of less than 5, then the sar activity itself can affect the output. Use the iostat command to view terminal and disk activity, depending on the switches that you supply with the command. The output from the iostat command does not include disk request queues, but it shows which disks are busy.

You can use this information to balance the Input-Output loads. Use the iostat command to look for large disk request queues. A request queue shows how long the Input-Output requests on a particular disk device must wait to be serviced. Request queues are caused by a high volume of Input-Output requests to that disk or by Input-Output with long average seek times.

Ideally, disk request queues should be at or near zero. Use the swap , swapinfo , swapon , or lsps command to report information about swap space usage. A shortage of swap space can stop processes to respond, leading to process failures with Out of Memory errors. The following table lists the appropriate command to use for each platform:. The following example shows sample output from the swap -l command on Oracle Solaris :.

On Oracle Solaris systems, use the mpstat command to view statistics for each processor in a multiprocessor system. Each row of the table represents the activity of one processor. The first row summarizes all activity since the last system restart. Each subsequent row summarizes activity for the preceding interval.

All values are events per second unless otherwise noted. The arguments are for time intervals between statistics and number of iterations. Base Operation System Tools. Performance Toolbox. System Management Interface Tool. The following table lists the most important Base Operation System tools. Displays information about a logical volume or the logical volume allocations of a physical volume.

The Performance Tool Box Manager collects and displays data from various systems in the configuration by using the xmperf utility. Both Performance Tool Box and Performance Aide include the monitoring and tuning tools listed in the following table:. Uses the trace facility to report CPU usage at module and source-code-statement levels.

Performance Toolbox Version 2 and 3 Guide and Reference for information about these tools. By using SMIT, you can navigate through large numbers of tools and focus on the jobs that you want to perform. This HP-UX utility is an online diagnostic tool that measures the activities of the system.

GlancePlus displays information about how system resources are used. It displays dynamic information about the system Input-Output, CPU, and memory usage on a series of screens. You can use the utility to monitor how individual processes are using resources.

This tool collects performance statistics during a program run. It provides several graphical displays for viewing and analyzing the collected statistics. It enables you to view how threads are interacting and to find where threads are blocked waiting for resources. The following table lists the performance tuning tools that you can use for additional performance tuning on HP-UX:. Collects run-time application data for system analysis tasks such as cache misses, translation look-aside buffer or instruction cycles, along with fast dynamic instrumentation.

Creates an execution profile of C programs and displays performance statistics for the program, showing where the program is spending most of its execution time.

Start the memory tuning process by measuring paging and swapping space to determine how much memory is available. After you determine the system memory usage, tune the Oracle buffer cache. The Oracle buffer manager ensures that the most frequently accessed data is cached longer. If you monitor the buffer manager and tune the buffer cache, then you can significantly improve Oracle Database performance.

The optimal Oracle Database buffer size for the system depends on the overall system load and the relative priority of Oracle Database over other applications. Allocating Sufficient Swap Space. Monitoring Paging. Adjusting Oracle Block Size. Allocating Memory Resource. Try to minimize swapping because it causes significant operating system overhead.

To check for swapping, use the sar or vmstat commands. For information about the appropriate options to use with these commands, refer to the man pages.

To determine the amount of swap space, run one of the following command s, depending on the platform :. Monitor the use of swap space, and increase it as required. The following table describes the initially recommended relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space requirement:. To add swap space to the system, run one of the following command s, depending on the platform :.

My Oracle Support note For swap space requirements refer to the following note:. Paging may not present as serious a problem as swapping, because an entire program does not have to be stored in memory to run. A small number of page-outs may not noticeably affect the performance of the system. To detect excessive paging, run measurements during periods of fast response or idle time to compare against measurements from periods of slow response. Use the vmstat or sar comman d to monitor paging.

If you encounter an error while a configuration assistant is running, see the "Troubleshooting Configuration Assistants" section. If you cannot resolve the problem, remove the failed installation by following the steps listed in the "Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation" section. During an installation, Oracle Universal Installer records all the actions that it performs in a log file.

If you encounter problems during the installation, review the log file for information about possible causes of the problem. By default, the log files are located in the following directory:. For example, if an interactive installation occurred at a. If necessary, see the previous section for information about determining the location of the Inventory directory. For example, a common problem is that while all the product-specific data is filled out correctly, the staging area location may be incorrect.

In the installation media, this products. Oracle Universal Installer or a configuration assistant validates the response file at run time. If the validation fails, the silent or noninteractive installation or configuration process ends.

Oracle Universal Installer treats values for parameters that are of the wrong context, format, or type as if no value was specified in the file.

Users with access can view the report from the Report Job History page. Enable this option to save the XML data that is generated for this job. Access the saved data from the Report Job History page see: Viewing Report Job History and Saved Output where you can republish it, selecting a new layout and output options.

The Output Table enables you to create multiple report documents for one or more layouts using a combination of output format, locale, time zone, and calendar. Select the document output format. The options available here are specified in the report definition. Select the language-territory combination for this report output. If the layout does not have an available translation for the selected locale, BI Publisher applies a locale fallback logic to select the layout.

The appropriate number and date formatting are applied independently of the template translation. Select the time zone to use for this report output. Select this box to save the report output. You must select this option to view your report from the Report Job History page. Delivery servers are set up in the Administration page.

Only those destination types set up by your administrator are displayed in the Destination Type list. Only the destination types configured by the administrator are available for selection. Enter multiple email addresses separated by a comma. Enter any Message text to include with the report. Select the Printer Group and the Printer, enter the Number of copies , and select Single sided or Double sided, the printer must support duplex printing for this option to take effect.

Optionally select the printer Default Tray from which to print the report, and the Print Range pages. Select the Fax Server to deliver the report and enter the Fax Number to which to send the report.

To deliver the document to the user's home directory, enter. Required Enter the file name for BI Publisher to assign to the delivery document on the remote server, for example, myreport. You must include the file extension in the name, for example,. After selecting Web Folder , enter valid Username and Password credentials.

If a value is not entered, then the document is delivered to the login directory.